October is one month on the calendar that reminds. It is a reminder that breast cancer doesn’t take a break, and neither should we in raising awareness. Breast Cancer Awareness Month (which is October) is a global campaign that highlights the importance of education, early detection and ongoing support for those affected by the cancer. While the pink ribbons and campaigns serve as powerful symbols, the fight against breast cancer requires year-round commitment beyond a month of recognition.
The global landscape
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer accounts for approximately 12% of all new cancer cases globally each year. In 2025, it is estimated that over 2 million women worldwide will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and the disease remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women. Early detection plays a crucial role in survival. When breast cancer is identified at an early stage, the five-year survival rate can exceed 90%.
While the majority of cases are found in women, men can also develop breast cancer, though it is far less common. Men account for roughly 1% of breast cancer cases, and awareness among men remains low, often leading to delayed diagnosis and poorer outcomes.
Breast cancer in Africa and Namibia
In Africa, breast cancer incidence is rising, partly due to increased life expectancy and urbanisation, which often bring lifestyle changes linked to higher risk. According to the African Cancer Registry Network, breast cancer is now the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Namibia, the Cancer Association of Namibia (CAN) reports that breast cancer is the leading type of cancer among women, with thousands of new cases diagnosed each year.
CAN has been instrumental in promoting awareness campaigns, offering screening services and facilitating educational programmes across the country. This October, initiatives such as the #Pink4BreastCancerWalk aim to engage communities and encourage early detection, emphasising that timely intervention saves lives.
Risk factors and prevention
Understanding risk factors is essential for prevention and early action. Some of the primary risk factors for breast cancer include age; family history and genetics, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations; lifestyle factors, such as obesity, alcohol consumption and lack of physical activity; reproductive history, such as early menstruation, late menopause or having children later in life; and hormonal therapy, including long-term use of hormone replacement therapy.
While some risk factors, such as genetics, are beyond individual control, many lifestyle-related factors can be managed through healthy habits. These include maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, limiting alcohol intake, and attending routine medical screenings.
The importance of screening
Screening remains the most effective method for early detection. Common screening methods include mammography, recommended for women over 40 or earlier for those with higher risk, clinical breast exams conducted by trained health professionals, and self-exams. While self-exams are not a replacement for professional screening, regular self-exams help individuals become familiar with their own breast tissue and identify unusual changes.
In Namibia, public health initiatives have increased access to screening in both urban and rural areas. Mobile clinics and awareness campaigns help reach populations that might otherwise lack access to regular medical care. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes, making screening campaigns a critical component of national health strategies.
Treatment options
Breast cancer treatment depends on the stage at diagnosis and specific characteristics of the cancer.
The main treatment options include surgery, which involves removing the tumour or affected breast tissue; radiation therapy, which targets cancer cells with high-energy rays; chemotherapy, which uses drugs to destroy cancer cells or prevent their growth; hormone therapy, which treats cancers sensitive to hormones such as oestrogen; and targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which are newer treatments aimed at specific cancer types, often with fewer side effects.
Access to these treatments varies widely, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Advocacy for equitable healthcare and investment in oncology services is critical to improve survival rates globally.
Awareness beyond pink ribbons
While pink ribbons and breast cancer walks are powerful symbols, awareness should go beyond visual campaigns. Education is key. Understanding symptoms such as lumps, nipple discharge, skin changes or unusual swelling can prompt timely medical evaluation. Public awareness campaigns also help challenge myths, such as the misconception that only women with a family history are at risk or that breast cancer is always painful in its early stages.
Social campaigns can also address the stigma often associated with cancer in many communities, encouraging individuals to seek help without fear or shame. Collaborative efforts by governments, NGOs and local communities are necessary to create environments where early detection and treatment are accessible and accepted.
Community support and resources
Support systems are vital for people diagnosed with breast cancer. Organisations like CAN provide counselling, support groups, and guidance for navigating treatment and recovery. Community solidarity also plays a role in reducing isolation and mental health challenges associated with diagnosis and treatment. Public events during Breast Cancer Awareness Month, such as educational seminars, fundraising drives, and interactive workshops, help foster a sense of community responsibility and collective empowerment.
Looking ahead
Breast Cancer Awareness Month serves as a reminder that the fight against this disease is ongoing. Every individual, community, and government has a role to play, from promoting healthy lifestyles to ensuring access to screenings and treatment. Advancements in medical research continue to improve survival rates, but early detection and continuous awareness remain the most powerful tools.
As Namibia and the world observe this month, the message is clear. Breast cancer awareness should be a daily commitment, not just a once-a-year observance. By combining education, access to healthcare, and community support, we can reduce the impact of breast cancer and empower individuals to take proactive steps toward their health.
References
World Health Organization – Breast Cancer: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer
National Breast Cancer Foundation – Breast Cancer Facts: https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-facts/
Cancer Association of Namibia: https://www.can.org.na
